Corrections

Resources

See Also

Further Reading

American Journal of Correction. _ Published since 1939. Formerly published as Prison World. Official publication of the American Correctional Association (formerly the American Prisons Association).

Beccaria, Cesare Bonesana (1764) 1953 An Essay on Crimes and Punishments. Stanford, Calif.: Academic Reprints. _ First published in Italian as Dei delitti e delle pene. A paperback edition was published in 1963 by Bobbs-Merrill.

California Youth Authority Quarterly. _ Published since 1948.

Clemmer, Donald (1940) 1958 The Prison Community. New York: Holt. _ The pioneer sociological study of a prison.

Conference Group on Correctional Organization 1960 Theoretical Studies in Social Organization of the Prison, by Richard Cloward et al. Social Science Research Council, Pamphlet 15. New York: The Council. _ Six essays by leading sociologists and a political scientist on the social structure of prisons and the relationship of prisons to society.

Cressey, Donald R. (editor) 1961 The Prison: Studies in Institutional Organization and Change. With contributions by Johan Galtung and others. New York: Holt. _ Sociological essays on prisons in the United States.

Freeman, Linton C ; and Winch, R. F. 1957 Societal Complexity: An Empirical Test of a Typology of Societies. American Journal of Sociology 62:461-466; 63:78-79. _ Objective evidence on the place of penal agencies on a scale of societal differentiation.

Giallombardo, Rose 1966 Society of Women: A Study of a Women’s Prison. New York: Wiley. _ One of the most systematic sociological analyses of a woman’s prison.

Glaser, Daniel 1964 The Effectiveness of a Prison and Parole System. Indianapolis, Ind.: Bobbs-Merrill. _ A major study of U.S. federal prisons and parole operations, with some comparative data from state systems.

Howard Journal. _ Published in Great Britain since 1921 by the Howard League, a pioneer penal reform organization.

More Further Reading

International Review of Criminal Policy. _ Published annually since 1952 by the United Nations in English, French, and Spanish editions. Each issue generally deals with a specific problem in penology, with contributors from many countries. There are also detailed reports on international or regional meetings dealing with aspects of penology.

Mccorkle, Lloyd W.; Elias, Albert; and Bixby, F. Lovell 1958 The Highfields Story: An Experimental Treatment Project for Youthful Offenders. New York: Holt. _ An analysis of the Highfields innovation by its founders.

Mathiesen, Thomas 1965 The Defences of the Weak: A Sociological Study of a Norwegian Correctional Institution. London: Tavistock.

Prison Journal. _ Published since 1921. Official journal of the Pennsylvania Prison Society, an organization founded in 1787 and historically important for fostering the “Pennsylvania system” of prison management.

Rubin, SOL 1963 The Law of Criminal Correction. St. Paul, Minn.: West. _ A pioneer compilation and commentary on law regarding imprisonment, probation, fines, and parole.

Rusche, George; and Kirchheimer, Otto 1939 Punishment and Social Structure. New York: Columbia Univ. Press. _ A scholarly history stressing economic explanations for changes in penal policy.

Street, David et al. 1966 Organization for Treatment. New York: Free Press. _ An analysis of inmate and staff attitudes as functions of their social organization and of staff leadership goals, based on data from six youth correctional institutions.

Sykes, Gresham M. 1958 The Society of Captives: A Study of a Maximum Security Prison. Princeton Univ. Press. _ A brilliantly written sociological analysis of a maximum-security prison, from the perspectives of the types of inmates most readily available as key informants.

Ward, David A.; and Kassebaum, Gene G. 1965 Women’s Prison: Sex and Social Structure. Chicago: Aldine. _ A penetrating study focusing especially on relationships between homosexual roles and social structure.

Weeks, H. Ashley (editor) 1959 Youthful Offenders at Highfields: An Evaluation of the Effects of the Shortterm Treatment of Delinquent Boys. Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Press. _ The report of an evaluative study of Highfields conducted by a sociologist, with commentaries by two other sociologists, a psychiatrist, and a leader in correctional reform organizations.