Climate Change and Climatic Variation

when relevant, some studies have sought to differentiate between climate change in relation to macro-level long-term changes in climate that are influenced by human activity, and shorter term climate variation such as the El Niño/La Niña-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) that occurs across the tropical Pacific Ocean about every five years. The Oscillation warms or cools the temperature of the surface of the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean.

when relevant, some studies have sought to differentiate between climate change in relation to macro-level long-term changes in climate that are influenced by human activity, and shorter term climate variation such as the El Niño/La Niña-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) that occurs across the tropical Pacific Ocean about every five years. The Oscillation warms or cools the temperature of the surface of the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean.