Legal Definition and Related Resources of Justice
Meaning of Justice
The constant and perpetual disposition to render every man his due. Inst. bk. 1, tit. 1; 2 Inst. 56. The conformJUSTICE ity of our actions and our will to the law. TouUier, Dr. Civ. tit. prel. note 5. In the most extensive sense of the word, it differs little from “virtue”; for it includes within itself the whole circle of virtues. Yet the common distinction between them is that which considered positively and in itself is called “virtue,” when considered relatively and with respect to others has the name of “justice.” But justice, being in itself a part of virtue, is confined to things simply good or evil, and consists in a man’s taking such a proportion of them as he ought. Toullier exposes the want of utility and exactness in this division of distributive and commutative justice, adopted in the compendium or abridgments of the ancient doctors, and prefers the division of internal and external justice, the first being a conformity of our will, and the latter a conformity of our actions, to the law, their union making perfect justice. Exterior justice is the object of jurisprudence; interior justice is the object of morality. Dr. Civ. tit. prel. notes 6, 7. According to the Frederician Code (part 1, bk. 1, tit. 2, § 27) , justice consists simply in letting every one enjoy the rights which he has acquired in virtue of the laws. And, as this definition includes all the other rules of right, there is properly but one single general rule of right, namely, give every one his own. Commutative justice is that virtue whose object it is to render to every one what belongs to him, as nearly as may be, or that which governs contracts. To render commutative justice, the judge must make an equality between the parties, that no one may be a gainer by another’s loss. Distributive justice is that virtue whose object it is to distribute rewards and punishments to each one according to his merits, observing a just proportion by comparing one person or fact with another, so that neither equal persons have unequal rights, nor unequal persons things equal. ToulHer’s learned note, Droit Civ. tit. prel. n. 7. note. In Norman French. Amenable to justice. Kelham. In Feudal Law. Feudal jurisdiction, divided into high (alta justitia), and low (simplex, inferior justitia) , the former being a jurisdiction over matters of life and limb ; the latter over smaller causes. Leg. Edw. Conf. c. 26; Du Cange. Sometimes high, low, and middle justice or jurisdiction were distinguished. An assessment. Du Cange. Also, a judicial fine. Du Cange. In Practice. A title given in England and. America to judges of common-law courts, being a translation of justitia, which was anciently applied to common-law judges, while judex was applied to ecclesiastical judges and others; e. g., judex fisealis. Leg. Hen. I. §§ 24, 63; Anc. Inst. Eng. Index; Co. Litt. 71b. The judges of king’s bench and common pleas, and the judges of almost all the supreme courts in the United States, are properly styled “justices.” “The term “justice” is also applied to the lowest judicial officers; e. g., a trial justice; a justice of the peace.
Translate Substantial Justice from English to Spanish
Translation of Substantial Justice , with examples. More about free online translation into Spanish of El cumplimiento de los requisitos substanciales de la justicia and other legal terms is available here.
- El cumplimiento de los requisitos substanciales de la justicia
- Legal English Translation
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| Resource | Description |
|---|---|
| Justice in the Dictionary | Justice in our legal dictionaries | Browse the Legal Thesaurus | Find synonyms and related words of Justice |
| Legal Maxims | Maxims are established principles that jurists use as interpretive tools, invoked more frequently in international law |
| Legal Answers (Q&A) | A community-driven knowledge creation process, of enduring value to a broad audience |
| Related topics | Justice in the World Encyclopedia of Law |
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This definition of Justice is based on the The Cyclopedic Law Dictionary . This entry needs to be proofread.
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Synonyms of Justice
noun
- aequitas
- equitableness
- equity
- fairmindedness
- fair play
- fair treatment
- fairness
- freedom from bias
- impartiality
- iustitia
- justness
- objectivity
- probity
- propriety
- reason
- reasonableness
- rectitude
- reparation
- retribution
- right
- righteousness
- rightfulness
- uprighteousness
- Associated Concepts: due administration of justice
- ends of justice
- equity
- fleeing from justice
- fugitive from justice
- in furtherance ofjustice
- in the interests of justice
- miscarriage ofjustice
- obstructing justice
- preventive justice
- speedy justice
- substantial justice foreign phrases: Melior est justifia vere praeveniens quam severe puniens
- Truly preventive justice is better than severe punishment
- Justifia non est neganda non differenda
- Justice is neither to be denied nor delayed
- In re propria iniquum admodum est alicui licentiam tribuere sententiae
- It is unjust for anyone to assign to himself the privilege of deciding his own case
- Sacramentum habet in se très comités
- veritatem
- justitiam
- et judicium; veritus habendaest injurato;justitia etjusticium in judice
- An oath has in it three componentstruth
- justice
- and judgment; truth in the party swearing; justice and judgment in the judge administering the oath
- Justitia est constans et perpetua voluntas jus suum cuique tribuendi
- Justice is the constant and perpetual means to render to each one his rights
- Lex dilationes semper exhorret
- The law always abhors delays
- Boni judicis est ampliare justitiam
- It is the duty of a good judge to make precedents which amplify justice
- Discretio est scire per legem quid sit justum
- Discretion consists in knowing through the law what is just
- Justitia est duplex
- viz
- severepuniensetverepraeveniens
- Justice is double
- that is to say punishing severely
- and truly preventing
- Nulli vendemus
- nulli negabimus
- aut differemus rectum vel justitian
- We will sell to none
- we will deny to none
- we will delay to none
- either equity or justice
- Justitia non novit patrem nec matrem; solum veritatem spectat justitia
- Quod ad jus naturale attinet omnes homines aequales sunt
- All men are equal as far as the natural law is concerned
- Accipere quid ut justitiam facias
- non est tam accipere quam extorquere
- The acceptance of a reward for doing justice is not so much an acceptance as an extortion
- Justitianemininegandaest
- Justice is to be denied to no one
- Plena et celeris justitia fiat partibus
- Let full and speedy justice be done to the parties
- Jure naturae aequum est neminem cum alterius detrimento et injuria fieri locupletiorem
- According to the laws of nature
- it is just that no one should be enriched by the detriment and injury of another
- Fiat justitia
- ruat coelum
- Let right be done
- Nihilmagisjustum est quam quod necessarium est
- Nothing is more just than what is necessary
- Lex non deficit in justitia exhibenda
- The law does not fail in dispensing justice
- Bonus judex secundum aequum et bonum judicat
- et aequitatem stricto juripraefert
- Good judges decide according to what is just and right
- Good judges decide according to what is just and right
- and prefer equity to strict law
- Lex plus laudatur quando ratione probatur
- The law is most praiseworthy when it is consistent with reason
- Vigilantibus et non dormientibus jura subveniunt
- The laws aid the vigilant and not those who slumber
- Judex bonus nihil ex arbitrio suo faciat
- nec propositione domesticae voluntatis
- The acceptance of a reward for doing justice is not so much an acceptance as an extortion
- Justitianemininegandaest
- Justice is to be denied to no one
- Plena et celeris justitia fiat partibus
- Let full and speedy justice be done to the parties
- Jure naturae aequum est neminem cum alterius detrimento et injuria fieri locupletiorem
- According to the laws of nature
- it is just that no one should be enriched by the detriment and injury of another
- Fiat justitia
- ruat coelum
- Let right be done
- though the heavens fall
- Nihilmagisjustum est quam quod necessarium est
- Nothing is more just than what is necessary
- Lex non deficit in justitia exhibenda
- The law does not fail in dispensing justice
- Bonus judex secundum aequum et bonum judicat
- et aequitatem stricto juripraefert
- Good judges decide according to what is just and right
- and prefer equity to strict law
- Lex plus laudatur quando ratione probatur
- The law is most praiseworthy when it is consistent with reason
- Vigilantibus et non dormientibus jura subveniunt
- The laws aid the vigilant and not those who slumber
- Judex bonus nihil ex arbitrio suo faciat
- nec propositione domesticae voluntatis
- sedjuxta leges et jurapronunciet
- A good judge should do nothing of his own arbitrary will
- nor on the dictate of his personal wishes
- but should decide according to law and justice
- Qui aliquid statuerit
- parte inaudita altera
- aequum licet dixerit
- haud aequumfecerit
- He who decides anything without hearing both sides
- although he may decide correctly
- has by no means acted justly
- Fraus et jus nunquam cohabitant
- Fraud and justice never dwell together
- Festinatio justitiae est noverca infortunii
- The hastening of justice is the stepmother of misfortune
- Commodum ex injuria sua non habere debet
- No person ought to derive any advantage by his own wrong
- Veritas habenda est injuratore;justitia etjudicium in judice
- Truth should be possessed by a juror; justice and judgment by a judge
- Jus est ars boni et aequi
- Law is the science of what is good and just
- Lex est dictamen rationis
- Law is the dictate of reason
- Lex est ratio summa
- quae jubet quae sunt utilia et necessaria et contraria prohibet
- nonpraecedere
- Power ought to follow justice
- not precede it
- Summa caritas est facere justitiam singulis
- et omni tempore quando necessefuerit
- The greatest charity is to do justice to everyone
- and at all time when it is necessary
Grammar
This term is a noun.
Etimology of Justice
(You may find justice at the world legal encyclopedia and the etimology of more terms).
mid-12c., “the exercise of authority in vindication of right by assigning reward or punishment;” also “quality of being fair and just; moral soundness and conformity to truth,” from Old French justice “justice, legal rights, jurisdiction” (11c.), from Latin iustitia “righteousness, equity,” from iustus “upright, just” (see just (adj.)). Justice is the end of government. It is the end of civil society. It ever has been and ever will be pursued until it be obtained, or until liberty be lost in the pursuit. [”The Federalist,” No. 51] Meaning “right order, equity, the rewarding to everyone of that which is his due” in English is from late 14c. The Old French word had widespread senses including also “uprightness, equity, vindication of right, court of justice, judge.” In English c. 1400-1700 sometimes also with a vindictive sense “infliction of punishment, legal vengeance.” As a title for a judicial officer, c. 1200. Justice of the peace first attested early 14c. To do justice to (someone or something) “deal with as is right or fitting” is from 1670s. In the Mercian hymns, Latin iustitia is glossed by Old English rehtwisnisse.
Meaning of Justice in Spanish
Description/ translation of justice into Spanish: juez o magistrado, según el caso: el término designa un nivel alto en el escalafón de la carrera judicial adscrito a las altas instancias, como el High Court y el Court of Appeal en Inglaterra o al Tribunal Supremo de los Estados Unidos. el presidente de estas altas instancias lleva el título de Chief Justice (= Presidente); en la Cámara de los Lores tiene el título de Lord Justice[1]
Note: for more information on related terms and on the area of law where justice belongs (criminal procedure law), in Spanish, see here.
Notes and References
- Translation of Justice published by Antonio Peñaranda
Resources
See Also
Democracy; Egalitarianism; Equality; Justice, Distributive; Locke, John; Rawls, John; Social Contract; Utilitarianism
Lawgiving.
ASSASSINATION, INFANTICIDE, MURDER, PATRICIDE.
Further Reading
For a discussion of the Bible, see Finkelstein 1949, Volume 2, especially Chapter 15 by Mordecai M. Kaplan. For an exposition of Plato’s thought, see Cairns 1949, Chapter 2, and references supplied there. For a discussion of the paradigms, see Cahn 1955, Chapter 9, and Aristotle’s Rhetoric. For an explanation of the requirements of justice, see Frank 1949; Cahn 1961, Chapter 7. For Aristotle’s thought, see his Ethicsand Politics, as well as the often neglected Rhetoric. For Thomas Aquinas’ treatment of justice, see his Summa theologica i-n, 2, 94-96. For the Kantian concept, see Kant’s Philosophy of Law, summarized in Cairns 1949, Chapter 12; Stammler 1911; Malinowski 1926; Jouvenel 1955, Chapter 9; Radbruch 1914;and Kelsen 1945 and 1958. For the English utilitarians, see Hume’s Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals, Chapter 3, Appendix 3; Bentham’s The Limits of Jurisprudence Denned; Austin’s The Province of Jurisprudence Determined, Lecture 2; and Mill’s Utilitarianism, Chapter 5. For references to Marx and Engels, see Tucker 1963, Chapter 15; and for the ideas of E. B. Pashukanis see 1927; for later Soviet theorists, see
Soviet 1951. For an analysis of justice as an active process, see Cahn 1949, 1955, and 1961.
Cahn, Edmond 1949 The Sense of Injustice. New York Univ. Press. _ A paperback edition was published in 1964.
Cahn, Edmond 1955 The Moral Decision. Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press.
Cahn, Edmond 1961 The Predicament of Democraticc Man. New York: Macmillan.
Cairns, Huntington 1949 Legal Philosophy From Plato to Hegel. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. FINKELSTEIN, Louis (editor) (1949) 1960 The Jews: Their History, Culture and Religion. 2 vols., 3d ed. New York: Harper.
Frank, Jerome 1949 Courts on Trial. Princeton (NJ.) Univ. Press _ A paperback edition was published in 1963.
Friedmann, Wolfgang (1945)1960 Legal Theory. 4th ed. London: Stevens.
Gilby, Thomas 1958 Principality and Polity: Aquinas and the Rise of State Theory in the West. London: Longmans.
Jouvenel, Bertrand De (1955) 1957 Sovereignty: An Inquiry Into the Political Good. Univ. of Chicago Press. _ First published in French asDe la souverainete: A la recherche du bien politique.
More Further Reading
Kelsen, Hans (1945) 1961 A General Theory of Law and State. New York: Russell.-* The author’s reformulation of ideas previously expressed in works published in German and French between 1925 and 1934. KELSEN, HANS 1958 Letters.New York University Law Review ’33:1056-1058.
Malinowski, Bronislaw (1926) 1961 Crime and Custom in Savage Society. New York: Harcourt. _ A paperback edition was published in 1959 by Littlefield. PASHUKANIS, E. B. 1927 Obshchaia teoria prava i Marksizm (General Theory of Law and Marxism). Moscow: Izdatel’stvo Kommunisticheskoi Akademii. _ For a partial English translation, see Soviet Legal Philosophy 1951.
Pound, Roscoe 1951 Justice According to Law. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press.
Radbruch, Gustav (1914) 1950 Gustav Radbruch: Legal Philosophy. Pages 43-224 inThe Legal Philosophies of Lask, Radbruch, and Dabin. Translated by Kurt Wilk. 20th Century Legal Philosophy Series, Vol. 4. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press. _ First published in German. The 1950 edition was translated from the revised and rewritten edition of 1932. A sixth German edition, edited by Erik Wolf, was published in 1963. Soviet Legal Philosophy. 1951 Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press; Oxford Univ. Press. _ A collection of major classics by V. I. Lenin and others, translated by Hugh W. Babb and published under the auspices of the Association of American Law Schools. STAMMLER, RUDOLF (1911) 1925 The Theory of Justice. New York: Macmillan. _ First published in German. TUCKER, ROBERt C. 1963 Marx and Distributive Justice. In Carl J. Friedrich and John W. Chapman (editors), Justice. Nomos 6. New York: Atherton.
Vecchio, Giorgio Del 1952 Justice: An Historical and Philosophical Essay. Edited by A. H. Campbell. Edinburgh Univ. Press. _ First published in Italian; also translated into German and French.
Aristotle. 1985. Nicomachean Ethics. Trans. Terence Irwin. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett.
Hobbes, Thomas. [1651] 1962. Leviathan, or the Matter, Form, and Power of a Commonwealth Ecclesiastical and Civil, ed. Michael Oakeshott. New York: Collier.
Locke, John. [1690] 1980. Second Treatise of Government, ed. C. B. Macpherson. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett.
Mill, John Stuart. [1863] 2002. Utilitarianism, 2nd ed., ed. George Sher. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett.
Rawls, John. [1971] 1999. A Theory of Justice, rev. ed. Cambridge, MA: Belknap.
Rawls, John. 1993. Political Liberalism. New York: Columbia University Press.
Rawls, John. 2001. Justice as Fairness: A Restatement, ed. Erin Kelly. Cambridge, MA: Belknap.
Paulette Kidder
Justice in Law Enforcement
Main Entry: Law Enforcement in the Legal Dictionary. This section provides, in the context of Law Enforcement, a partial definition of justice.
Resources
See Also
- Law Enforcement Officer
- Police Work
- Law Enforcement Agency
Further Reading
- justice in A Dictionary of Law Enforcement (Oxford University Press)
- justice in the Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement
- A Treatise on the Police of the Metropolis
Justice System: justice
Meaning of Justice in Political Science
A very basic notion of Justice related to the United States’election law is provided here: Fair and equal treatment under the law; the use of authority to uphold what is right and lawful
Definition of Justice
In relation to social issues, a meaning of justice is provided here: people should be treated fairly in the distribution of the benefits and burdens of society, the correction of wrongs and injuries, and in the gathering of information and making of decisions.
Hierarchical Display of Justice
Meaning of Justice
Overview and more information about Justice
For a more comprehensive understanding of Justice, see in the general part of the online platform.[rtbs name=”xxx-xxx”]
Resources
Translation of Justice
- Spanish: Justicia
- French: Justice
- German: Gerichtswesen
- Italian: Giustizia
- Portuguese: Justiça
- Polish: Sądownictwo
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