Legal Definition and Related Resources of Presumption

Presumptions are either of fact or of law. Presumptions of fact are inferences which a court is at liberty , but not compelled, to draw from the facts proven before it. The expression of a process of reasoning and most, if not all, rules of indirect evidence may be expressed as such. III. C.R. Co. v interstate commerce Comm., 206 U.S. 441, 27 S.Ct. 700, 51 L.Ed. 1128. A presumption upon a matter of fact, means that common experience shows the fact to be so generally true that courts may notice the truth of the fact inferred. Greer v U.S., 245 U.S. 559, 38 S.Ct. 209, 62 L.Ed. 469. An inference which enlightened common sense and experience may draw from the connection, relation and coincidence of facts and circumstances with each other . Indianapolis v Keelev, 167Ind. 516, 79N.E. 499. Presumptions of law are arbitrary consequences expressly annexed by law to particular facts. These are assumptions made by the law itself, compelling the court to a resulting conclusion from facts already proven. Presumptions of law are either conclusive or rebuttable. Conclusive or irrebuttable presumptions of law are grounded upon expediency or public policy . United States v Provident trust Co., 291 U.S. 272, 54 S.Ct. 389, 78 L.Ed. 793. A rebuttable presumption is one which imposes on the party against whom it is invoked the duty to offer evidence to the contrary. §1-201(31) of U.C.C. contains the following definition: Presumption or presumed means that the trier of fact must find the existence of the fact presumedunless and until evidence is introduced which would support a finding of its non-existence. Also see federal rules of evidence , §301, Appendix 5.

noun

• anticipation
• assumption
• belief
• conception
• coniectura
• conjecture
• deduction
• ground for believing
• hypothesis
• inference
• likelihood
• opinio
• opinion
• postulate
• predilection
• predisposition
• premise
• presupposition
• probability
• reasonable supposition
• required assumption
• required legal assumption
• speculation
• strong probability
• supposition
• surmise Associated Concepts: conclusive presumption
• disputable presumption
• presumption against suicide
• presumption of authority
• presumption of constitutionality
• presumption of continuance
• presumption of death
• presumption of delivery
• presumption of innocence
• presumption of knowledge
• presumption of law
• presumption of legitimacy
• presumption of regularity
• rebuttable presumption
• statutory presumptionforeign phrases: Cuicunque aliquis quid concedit concedere videtur et id
• sine quo res ipsa esse non potuit
• One who grants anything to another is held to grant also that without which the thing is worthless
• Lex judicat de rebus necessario faciendis quasi re ipsafactis
• The law judges of things which must necessarily be done as if they were actually done
• Novatio non praesumitur
• A novation is not presumed
• Nemo praesumitur malus
• No one is presumed to be wicked
• Nemo praesumitur ludere in extremis
• No one is presumed to be jesting while at the point of death
• Nihil nequam est praesumendum
• Nothing wicked should be presumed
• Semper praesumitur pro legitimatione puerorum
• The presumption always is in favor of the legitimacy of children
• Stabitpraesumptio donee probetur in contrarium
• A presumption stands until the contrary is proven
• Praesumptiones sunt conjecturae exsigno verisimili ad probandum assumptae
• Presumptions are conjectures from probable proof
• assumed for purposes of proof
• Frausestodiosaetnonpraesumenda
• Fraud is odious and will not be presumed
• Donatio non praesumitur
• A gift is not presumed to have been made
• Nemo praesumitur donare
• No one is presumed to have made a gift
• Favorabiliores rei
• potius quam adores
• habentur
• The condition of the defendant is to be favored rather than that of the plaintiff
• Nobiliores et benigniorespraesumptiones in dubiis sunt praeferendae
• the more generous and more benign presumptions are to be preferred
• Nullum iniquum est praesumendum in jure
• Nothing iniquitous is to be presumed in law
• Quisquís praesumitur bonus; et semper in dubiis pro reo respondendum
• Everyone is presumed to be good; and in doubtful cases it should be resolved in favor of the accused
• Praesumitur pro legitimatione
• There is a presumption in favor of legitimacy
• Semper praesumitur pro matrimonio
• The presumption is always in favor of the validity of a marriage
• Malum non praesumitur
• Evil is not presumed
• Propossessionepraesumitur de jure
• A presumption of law arises from possession
• Praesumptio violenta
• plena probatio
• Semper qui non prohibet pro se intervenire
• mandare creditur
• He who does not prohibit the intervention of another in his behalf is deemed to have authorized it
• Probatis extremis
• praesumuntur media
• The extremes having been proved
• those things which lie between are presumed
• those things which lie between are presumed
• In favorem vitae
• libertatis
• et innocentiae
• omnia praesumuntur
• Every presumption is made in favor of life
• liberty and innocence
• Nulla impossibilia aut inhonesta suntpraesumenda; vera autem et honesta etpossibilia
• Everyone is presumed to be good; and in doubtful cases it should be resolved in favor of the accused
• Praesumitur pro legitimatione
• There is a presumption in favor of legitimacy
• Semper praesumitur pro matrimonio
• The presumption is always in favor of the validity of a marriage
• Malum non praesumitur
• Evil is not presumed
• Propossessionepraesumitur de jure
• A presumption of law arises from possession
• Praesumptio violenta
• plena probatio
• Strong presumpt
  ion is full proof
• Semper qui non prohibet pro se intervenire
• mandare creditur
• He who does not prohibit the intervention of another in his behalf is deemed to have authorized it
• Probatis extremis
• praesumuntur media
• The extremes having been proved
• those things which lie between are presumed
• In favorem vitae
• libertatis
• et innocentiae
• omnia praesumuntur
• Every presumption is made in favor of life
• liberty and innocence
• Nulla impossibilia aut inhonesta suntpraesumenda; vera autem et honesta etpossibilia
• No things that are impossible or dishonorable are to be presumed; but things that are true and honorable and possible
• Omnia praesumuntur legitime facta donee probetur in contrarium
• All things are presumed to be lawfully done
• until the contrary is proven
• Lex neminem cogit ostendere quod nescire praesumitur
• The law compels no one to divulge that which he is presumed not to know
• Injuria non praesumitur
• A wrong is not presumed
• Lexsuccurrit minoribus
• The law assists minors
• Melius est jus deficiens quam jus incertum
• A deficient law is better than an uncertain one
• Multa in jure communi contra rationem disputandi
• pro communi utilitate introducta sunt
• Many things have been introduced into the common law
• which are contrary to the public good
• which are inconsistent with sound reason
• Non exemplis sed legibus judicandum est
• Judgment should not be rendered from examples
• but by the law
• Id possumus quod de jure possumus
• We may do only that which we are able to do lawfully
• Idem est non probari et non esse; non deficit jus
• sed probatio
• What is not proved
• The civil law is that law which the people establish for themselves
• Lexprospicit
• non respicit
• The law looks forward
• not backward
• Lex rejicit superflua
• pugnantia
• incongrua
• The law rejects those matters which are superfluous
• repugnant
• or incongruous
• Lex semper dabit remedium
• The law always furnishes a remedy
• Contra legem facit qui idfacit quod lex prohibit; in fraudem vero qui
• salvis verbis legis
• sententiam ejus circumvenit
• He who does what the law prohibits
• acts in fraud of the law
• the letter of the law being inviolate
• cheats the spirit of it
• Lesfictions naissent de la loi
• et non la loi des fictions
• Ubi non est directa lex
• standum est arbitrio judicis
• vel procedendum ad similia
• Where there is no direct law
• the decision of the judge is to be taken
• or references to be made to similar cases
• Consuetudo ex certa causa rationabili usitata privat communem legem
• A custom
• based on a certain and reasonable cause
• supersedes the common law
• Jus vendit quod usus approbavit
• The law recommends what use or custom has approved
• Laleyfavour lavie d’unhomme
• The law favors human life
• Actus legis nemini est damnosus
• The act of the law shall prejudice no one
• Matter en ley ne serra mise in bouche del jurors
• A
• matter of law shall not be put into the mouth of jurors
• Equitas sequitur legem
• Equity follows the law
• Nonobligatlexnisipromulgata
• Ignorance of the law is no excuse
• Executio juris non habet injuriam
• The execution of law does no injury
• Ignorantia excusatur
• non juris sed facti
• Ignorance of fact may excuse
• but not ignorance of law
• Scire leges non hoc est verba earum tenere
• sed vim ac potestatem
• To know the laws is not to observe their words alone
• but their force and power
• Perpetua lex est nullam legem humanam ab positivam perpetuam esse
• et clausula quae abrogationem excludit ab initio non valet
• lt is a perpetual law that no human and positive law can be perpetual
• and a clause Rin a lawi which precludes the power of abrogation or repeal is void from the beginning
• Experientia per varios actus legem facit
• magistra rerum experientia
• Experience by various acts makes law
• experience is the mistress of things
• Nemo jus sibi dicere potest
• No one can declare the law for himself
• Lex aequitate gaudet; appetit perfectum; est norma recti
• Optima est lex quae minimum relinquit arbitrio judicis; optimus judex qui minimum sibi
• That is the best system of law which leaves the least to the discretion of the judge; that judge is the best who leaves the least to his own discretion
• Jus quo universitates utuntur est idem quod habent privati
• The law which governs corporations is the same as that which governs individuals
• Ignorantia facti excusat
• ignorantia juris non excusat
• Ignorance of fact excuses; ignorance of the law does not excuse
• Regula est
• juris quidem ignorantiam cuique nocere
• facti vero ignoranliam non nocere
• ‘Y’he rule is that a person’s ignorance of the law may prejudice him
• but that his ignorance of fact will not
• Per varios actus legem experientia facit
• By various acts experience makes the law
• Juris affectus in executione consistit
• The effectiveness of a law lies in its execution
• Cessante ratione legis
• cessat et ipsa lex
• Where the reason for a law ceases
• the law itself also ceases
• Fortior etpotentior est dispositio legis quam hominis
• The disposition of the law has greater force and stronger effect than that of man
• Judicis est jus dicere
• non dare
• lt is the duty of a judge to declare the law
• not to make it
• Lex est dictamen rationis
• Law is the dictate of reason
• Lex est ratio summa
• quae jubet quae sunt utilia et necessaria
• et contraria prohibet
• That which is law is the consummation of reason
• which commands those things useful and necessary
• while prohibiting the contrary
• Nemo est supra leges
• No one is above the law
• Ubi jus incertum
• ibi jus nullum
• Where the law is uncertain
• there is no law
• Lex neminem cogit ad vana seu inutilia peragenda
• The law compels no one to do futile or useless things
• Ex facto jus oritur
• Law arises out of facts
• Argumentum ab inconvenienti est validum in lege; quia lex nonpermittit aliquod inconveniens
• An argument drawn from what is inconvenient is good in law
• because the law will not permit any inconvenience
• Injustum est
• nisi tota lege inspecta
• de una aliqua ejusparticulaproposita judicare vel respondere
• It is unjust to give judgement or advice concerning any particular clause of a law without having examined the whole law
• Cuilibet licet juri pro se introducto renunciare
• Any one may waive or renounce the benefit of a principle or rule of law that exists only for his protection
• Ignorantia legis neminem excusat
• Ignorance of law excuses no one
• Ipsae leges cupiunt utjure regantur
• The laws themselves are desirous of being governed by what is right
• Exempla illustrant non restringunt legem
• Examples illustrate
• but do not restrain
• the law
• Obedientia est legis essentia
• Obedience is the essence of the law
• Consuetudo est altera lex
• Custom is another law
• Consuetudo vincit communem legem
• si sit specialis; et interpretatur legem scriptam
• si lex sit generalis
• Custom and common usage override the unwritten law
• if it be special; and interpret the written law
• if the law be general
• Consuetudo est optimus interpres legum
• Custom is the best interpreter of th
  e laws
• Conventio privatorum nonpotest publico juri derogare
• The agreement of private persons cannot derogate from public right
• Conventio vincit legem
• The express agreement of parties overcomes the law
• Quamvis lexgeneraliter loquitur
• restringendatamen est
• ut
• cessante ratione
• ipsa cessat
• Although a law speaks generally
• yet it is to be restrained
• so that when its reason fails
• it should cease also
• Processus legis est gravisvexatio
• executiolegiscoronatopus
• there is the same law; and where there are similar situations
• the judgment is the same
• Lex nil frustrafacit
• The law does nothing in vain
• Lexnondeficit in justitia exhibenda
• The law does not fail in dispensing justice
• Lex plus laudatur quando ratione probatur
• The law is most praiseworthy when it is consistent with reason
• Ubi lex aliquem cogit ostendere causam
• necesse est quod causa sitjusta et legitima
• Where the law compels a man to show cause
• it is necessary’ that the cause be just and legal
• Ita semper fiat relatio ut valeat dispositio
• Let the interpretation be so made that the disposition stands
• Judex est lex loquens
• The judge is the law speaking; that is
• he is the mouthpiece of the law
• Natura appetit perfectum; ita et lex
• Nature seeks perfection
• and so does the law
• A verbis legis non est recedendum
• The words of the law must not be departed from
• Casus omissus et oblivioni datus dispositioni communis juris relinquitur
• A case omitted and forgotten is left to the disposal of the common law
• Contemporanea expositio est optima et fortissimo in lege
• Contemporaneous exposition is the best and most powerful in the law
• Neque leges neque senatus consulta ita scribipossunt ut omnis casus qui quandoque in sediriunt comprehendatur; sed sufficit ea quae plaerumque accidunt contineri
• Neither laws nor acts of a legislature can be so written as to include all actual or possible cases; it is sufficient if they provide for those things which frequently or ordinarily may happen
• Jura eodem modo destituuntur quo constituuntur
• Laws are abrogated by the same means by which they are enacted
• Jura naturae sunt immutabilia
• The laws of nature are unchangeable
• Leges humanae nascuntur
• vivunt
• et moriuntur
• Human laws are born
• live
• and die
• Legibus sumptis desinentibus
• lege naturae utendum est
• When laws imposed by the state fail
• the laws of nature must be invoked
• Tortura legumpessima
• The torture or wresting of laws is the worst kind of torture
• Nova constitutiofuturisformam imponere debet
• nonpraeteritis
• A new law ought to affect the future
• not what is past
• Ad ea quae frequentius accidunt jura adaptantur
• Laws are adapted to those cases which most commonly occur
• Inae datae leges ne fortior omnia posset
• Laws were made lest the stronger might become allpowerful
• Ex malis moribus bonae leges natae sunt
• Good laws arise from evil morals
• Quando lex est specialis
• ratio autem generalis
• generaliter lex est intelligenda
• When a law is special
• but its reason general
• the law is to be understood generally
• Intentio inservire debet legibus
• non leges intentioni
• The intention ought to be subservient to the laws
• not the laws to intentions
• Legislatorumest viva vox
• rebus et non verbis
• Optimam esse legem
• quae minimum relinquit arbitrio judicis; id quod certitudo ejuspraestat
• That law is best which leaves the least to the decision of the judge; this being an advantage which results from its certainty
• Leges posteriores priores contrarias abrogant
• Subsequent laws repeal prior laws that are repugnant to them
• Jus est ars boni et aequi
• Law is the science of what is good and just
• Nihil infra regnum subditos magis conservat in tranquilitate et concordia quam debita legum administratio
• Nothing better preserves in tranquillity and concord those subjected to the same government better than one due administration of the laws
• Aequum et bonum est lex legum
• That which is equitable and good is the law of laws

Browse or run a search for Presumption in the American Encyclopedia of Law, the Asian Encyclopedia of Law, the European Encyclopedia of Law, the UK Encyclopedia of Law or the Latin American and Spanish Encyclopedia of Law.

Presumption in Historical Law

You might be interested in the historical meaning of this term. Browse or search for Presumption in Historical Law in the Encyclopedia of Law.

Search for legal acronyms and/or abbreviations containing Presumption in the Legal Abbreviations and Acronyms Dictionary.

You might be also interested in these legal terms:

Mentioned in these terms

Color Of Authority, , Direct Evidence, Easement, Ejectment, Illegitimate, Illegitimate Children, Illinois Rule, Indenture, Insanity, Interlineation, Issue, Lost Grant, Malice In Law, Non-access, Prescription, Presume, Presumption Of Advancement, Presumption Of Continuance Of Life, Presumption Of Death, Presumption Of Survivorship, Recent Possession, Trust.

Translate Presumption of Innocence from English to Spanish

Translation of Presumption of Innocence , with examples. More about free online translation into Spanish of Presunción de inocencia and other legal terms is available here.

• Presunción de inocencia
• Legal English Translation

Presumption in Law Enforcement

Main Entry: Law Enforcement in the Legal Dictionary. This section provides, in the context of Law Enforcement, a
partial definition of presumption.

Meaning of Presumption in Spanish

Description/ translation of presumption into Spanish: presunción; conclussive presumption (=irrebutable presumption): presunción concluyente o irrebatible, presunción iuris et de iure; bursting bubble pressumption: presunción iuris tantum[1]

Note: for more information on related terms and on the area of law where presumption belongs (criminal procedure law), in Spanish, see here.

Notes and References

1. Translation of Presumption published by Antonio Peñaranda

Resources

See Also

• Law Enforcement Officer
• Police
• Law Enforcement Agency

Further Reading

• presumption in A Dictionary of Law Enforcement (Oxford University Press)
• presumption in the Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement
• A Treatise on the Police of the Metropolis

Concept of Presumption in the context of Real Property

A short definition of Presumption: An inference reached by probability and reasoning in the absence of absolute fact. A presumption of law is the required drawing of an inference from existing facts. The presumption may be rebuttable or conclusive. If rebuttable, facts may be presented to refute the presumption. If conclusive, no facts may be presented, as in estoppel.

Concept of Presumption in the context of Real Property

A short definition of Presumption: An inference reached by probability and reasoning in the absence of absolute fact. A presumption of law is the required drawing of an inference from existing facts. The presumption may be rebuttable or conclusive. If rebuttable, facts may be presented to refute the presumption. If conclusive, no facts may be presented, as in estoppel.

Presumption

Presumption