Legal Definition and Related Resources of Article

Thing or object . A separate and distinct part, comprised of one or more paragraphs, of a formal legal document, statute , or constitution .

A distinct part of an instrument, consisting of two or more particulars. Hence systems of rules and instruments composed of various particulars, or arranged in several divisions, are called “articles.” The term was anciently applied to statutes drawn in this form. In French Law. A point. In English Ecclesiastical Law. A charge or libel. The introductory part of such a pleading is: “We article and object,” etc. In Scotch Practice. A subject or matter, “Article of dittay.” 1 Brown, 62,

(Commodity), noun

• effect
• item
• lifeless object
• material
• material object
• matter
• object
• particular object
• res
• subject
• substance
• thing

(Distinct section of a writing), noun

• chapter
• clause
• contractual clause
• division
• item
• portion
• provision
• proviso
• res
• section
• subject
• term of reference
• Associated Concepts: article in a statute
• paragraph of a statute
• subdivision of a statute

(Precept), noun

• canon
• caput
• condicio
• dictated term
• dogma
• mandate
• maxim
• principle
• requirement
• rubric
• set of terms
• tenet Associated Concepts: articles of incorporation

Browse or run a search for Article in the American Encyclopedia of Law, the Asian Encyclopedia of Law, the European Encyclopedia of Law, the UK Encyclopedia of Law or the Latin American and Spanish Encyclopedia of Law.

Article in Historical Law

You might be interested in the historical meaning of this term. Browse or search for Article in Historical Law in the Encyclopedia of Law.

Search for legal acronyms and/or abbreviations containing Article in the Legal Abbreviations and Acronyms Dictionary.

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Mentioned in these terms

Articles Of Commerce, Betting, Commerce Clause, Commodity, Controversy, Copyright, , Dumb Bidding, Exhibit, Explosives, Factory, Fireworks, Impeachment, Instrument, Intervening Right, Label, Manufacture, Pre-emption, Privilege, Produce, Quality, , Sterling, Trade Name, Travellers Check, Treason.

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This definition of Article is based on the The Cyclopedic Law Dictionary . This entry needs to be proofread.

Vocabularies (Semantic Web Information)

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Article in Law Enforcement

Main Entry: Law Enforcement in the Legal Dictionary. This section provides, in the context of Law Enforcement, a partial definition of article.

Resources

See Also

• Law Enforcement Officer
• Police Officer
• Law Enforcement Agency

Further Reading

• article in A Dictionary of Law Enforcement (Oxford University Press)
• article in the Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement
• A Treatise on the Police of the Metropolis

English Legal System: Article

In the context of the English law, A Dictionary of Law provides the following legal concept of Article :

A clause in a document. The plural, articles, is often used to mean the entire document, e.g. *articles of association

Article 81

A provision of the Treaty of Rome that prohibits anticompetitive agreements the aim or effect of which is to restrict, prevent, or distort competition in the EU (See also competition law). Article 81 (formerly 85) applies directly in all member states (See Community legislation) and is often used against *cartels; it only applies when the agreement affects trade between member states. Agreements that infringe the Article are void and unenforceable; third parties have the right to bring actions for damages if they have suffered loss through the operation of such agreements. Infringement of the Article may result in EU fines of up to 10% of annual worldwide turnover. In the UK there are very similar provisions in the Competition Act 1998, which prohibit anticompetitive agreements under Chapter I of that Act.

See also block exemption

Article 82

A provision of the Treaty of Rome, with direct effect throughout the EU (See Community legislation), that prohibits *abuses of a dominant position by businesses in the EU. Examples of breaches of Article 82 (formerly 86) include refusing to supply an existing customer (for example, when it has begun to operate in competition with the dominant company), selectively reducing prices to stop competition from competitors (See predatory pricing), unfair or excessive prices, tying clauses, and refusing to license *intellectual property rights. Article 82 only prohibits such conduct if the business is dominant, i.e. if it enjoys a market share of 40% or more in the EU (or a substantial part of it). The rules only apply when the conduct affects trade between member states. There is a very similar prohibition in the Chapter II prohibition of the Competition Act 1998, which holds that abuse of a dominant position will breach UK law if it has effects in the UK.

Article 234 References

A provision of the Treaty of Rome entitling national courts to refer matters of EU law to the European Court of Justice for a determinatio The case ultimately returns to the national court for a final judgment. Such a procedure is known as a “234 reference”. Article 234 (formerly 177) is a provision of the Treaty that empowers the Court of Justice to decide such issues as how the Treaty of Rome should be interpreted and whether or not the European Commission or other bodies have acted properly.